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A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science.
Euler diagram. An Euler diagram (/ ˈɔɪlər /, OY-lər) is a diagrammatic means of representing sets and their relationships. They are particularly useful for explaining complex hierarchies and overlapping definitions. They are similar to another set diagramming technique, Venn diagrams.
John Venn. John Venn, FRS, [2][3] FSA [4] (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an English mathematician, logician and philosopher noted for introducing Venn diagrams, which are used in logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computer science. In 1866, Venn published The Logic of Chance, a groundbreaking book which espoused the frequency ...
A Young diagram or Young tableau, also called Ferrers diagram, is a finite collection of boxes, or cells, arranged in left-justified rows, with the row sizes weakly decreasing (each row has the same or shorter length than its predecessor). Young diagram. Listing the number of boxes in each row gives a partition of a positive integer n, the ...
Inclusion–exclusion principle. In combinatorics, a branch of mathematics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as. where A and B are two finite sets and | S | indicates the cardinality of a ...
Problem Solving Through Recreational Mathematics is based on mathematics courses taught by the authors, who were both mathematics professors at Temple University. [1] [2] It follows a principle in mathematics education popularized by George Pólya, of focusing on techniques for mathematical problem solving, motivated by the idea that by doing mathematics rather than being told about its ...
The least common multiple of the denominators of two fractions is the "lowest common denominator" (lcd), and can be used for adding, subtracting or comparing the fractions. The least common multiple of more than two integers a, b, c, . . . , usually denoted by lcm (a, b, c, . . .), is defined as the smallest positive integer that is divisible ...
Information mapping. A concept map or conceptual diagram is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. [1] Concept maps may be used by instructional designers, engineers, technical writers, and others to organize and structure knowledge. A concept map typically represents ideas and information as boxes or circles, which it ...