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  2. Analytical engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_Engine

    The analytical engine was a proposed digital mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. [2] [3] It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's Difference Engine, which was a design for a simpler mechanical calculator.

  3. Robert Chesebrough - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Chesebrough

    To further create demand, he gave out free samples, one of the first instances of it ever being done. Chesebrough opened his first factory in 1870. The first known reference to the name Vaseline is in his U.S. patent: "I, Robert Chesebrough, have invented a new and useful product from petroleum which I have named 'Vaseline…'" .

  4. Samuel Andrews (chemist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Andrews_(chemist)

    Ida M. Tarbell, an early investigative journalist and the author of The History of Standard Oil, described Andrews as "a mechanical genius", who "devised new processes" to create a better product. He is credited with inventing the chemical process called fractional distillation, which is the separation of crude oil into its components. [2]

  5. Note G - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Note_G

    Note G, originally published in Sketch of The Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage. Note G [a] is a computer algorithm written by Ada Lovelace that was designed to calculate Bernoulli numbers using the hypothetical analytical engine.

  6. Vinegar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar

    The term "distilled vinegar" as used in the United States (called "spirit vinegar" in the UK, "white vinegar" in Canada [39]) is something of a misnomer because it is not produced by distillation, but by fermentation of distilled alcohol. The fermentate is diluted to produce a colorless solution of 5 to 8% acetic acid in water, with a pH of ...

  7. Herbert Akroyd Stuart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Akroyd_Stuart

    The Akroyd engine was the first functional internal combustion engine that could use petroleum oil as fuel. [8] It was operational in 1891, six years before the Diesel engine first ran. However, after the Diesel engine had proven successful, "Diesel engine" became the synonym for an engine that ran on any sort of petroleum oil.

  8. Oil and vinegar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_and_vinegar

    Oil and vinegar may refer to: Salad dressing, which may contain mixes of oil and vinegar French dressing, a term originally used for any oil-and-vinegar-based salad dressing; Vinaigrette, made by mixing an oil with something acidic such as vinegar or lemon juice; Oil and Vinegar, a screenplay by John Hughes that was never produced

  9. History of chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chemistry

    The periodic table is one of the most potent icons in science, lying at the core of chemistry and embodying the most fundamental principles of the field. The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of ...