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  2. Spacetime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime

    Likewise, a timelike spacetime interval gives the same measure of time as would be presented by the cumulative ticking of a clock that moves along a given world line. A timelike spacetime interval hence provides a measure of the proper time = s 2 . {\displaystyle {\sqrt {s^{2}}}.} [ 3 ] : 220–221

  3. Four-velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-velocity

    The history of an object traces a curve in spacetime, called its world line. If the object has mass, so that its speed is necessarily less than the speed of light, the world line may be parametrized by the proper time of the object. The four-velocity is the rate of change of four-position with respect to the proper time along the curve. The ...

  4. Spacetime diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime_diagram

    These considerations show that the speed of light as a limit is a consequence of the properties of spacetime, and not of the properties of objects such as technologically imperfect space ships. The prohibition of faster-than-light motion, therefore, has nothing in particular to do with electromagnetic waves or light, but comes as a consequence ...

  5. Minkowski space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski_space

    Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) found that the theory of special relativity could be best understood as a four-dimensional space, since known as the Minkowski spacetime. In physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) (/ m ɪ ŋ ˈ k ɔː f s k i,-ˈ k ɒ f-/ [1]) is the main mathematical description of spacetime in the absence of gravitation.

  6. Time in physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_physics

    The speed of light c can be seen as just a conversion factor needed because we measure the dimensions of spacetime in different units; since the metre is currently defined in terms of the second, it has the exact value of 299 792 458 m/s. We would need a similar factor in Euclidean space if, for example, we measured width in nautical miles and ...

  7. Coordinate time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_time

    A fuller explanation of the concept of coordinate time arises from its relations with proper time and with clock synchronization. Synchronization, along with the related concept of simultaneity, has to receive careful definition in the framework of general relativity theory, because many of the assumptions inherent in classical mechanics and classical accounts of space and time had to be removed.

  8. Rapidity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapidity

    Rapidity is the value of artanh(v / c) for velocity v and speed of light c. In special relativity, the classical concept of velocity is converted to rapidity to accommodate the limit determined by the speed of light. Velocities must be combined by Einstein's velocity-addition formula. For low speeds, rapidity and velocity are almost exactly ...

  9. Multiple time dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_time_dimensions

    Dunne suggested that, in the context of a "block" spacetime as modelled by General Relativity, a second dimension of time was needed in order to measure the speed of one's progress along one's own timeline. This in turn required a level of the conscious self existing at the second level of time.