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An Inuit woman in 1945 with traditional face tattoos. Kakiniit (Inuktitut: ᑲᑭᓐᓃᑦ [kɐ.ki.niːt]; sing. kakiniq, ᑲᑭᓐᓂᖅ) are the traditional tattoos of the Inuit of the North American Arctic. The practice is done almost exclusively among women, with women exclusively tattooing other women with the tattoos for various purposes.
The tattoos could represent pride in being a woman, beauty, and protection. [4] They were associated with rites of passage for women and could indicate marital status. The motifs and shapes varied from island to island. Among some peoples it was believed that women who lacked hajichi would risk suffering in the afterlife. [5]
Some women use tattoos as a fashionable sex-symbol, starting with small, discreet tattoos and piercings when they are young, to satisfy heterosexual men. Many of these same women eventually evolve their tattoos to larger pieces with more meaning, often to help drive a cause or make a statement about an important topic.
Julia Gnuse (guh-NOO-see) (January 18, 1955 - August 11, 2016), commonly known by the nickname The Illustrated Lady or The Irvine Walker, was an American woman who had 95% of her body (including her face) covered in tattoos [1] and held the Guinness Record for being the most tattooed woman in the world. [2]
Between the 1950s-1970s, females in the tattoo industry were very scarce. Women only gained acceptance into tattoo shops if they were dating or married to one of the tattoo artists. In the early 1970s, Jacci Gresham became a pioneer of female tattoo artists who helped pave the way for the rise of other female artists entering the industry. [6]
María José Cristerna Méndez (born 1976), known professionally as The Vampire Woman or, as she prefers, The Jaguar Woman, is a Mexican lawyer, businesswoman, activist and tattoo artist. She is known for her extensive body modifications , which she embarked on as a form of activism against domestic violence .
Typical markings include vertical lines from the lower lip that extend to beneath the chin. [2] According to tattoo anthropologist Lars Krutak, the width of the lines and the spacing between them were traditionally associated with each of the nine groups of Hän Gwich’in. Girls would be tattooed to identify their group.
Ra enge, Fijian noblewoman, tattooed with veiqia (hips, buttocks and upper thighs) and qia gusu (mouth), by Theodor Kleinschmidt. Veiqia [βɛi̯.ᵑɡi.a], or Weniqia, [1] is a female tattooing practice from Fiji, where women who have reached puberty are tattooed in the groin and buttocks area by older female tattooing specialists called daubati or dauveiqia.