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Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu was established in 1936 as India's first bird sanctuary. [7] [8] Spanning 7,506.22 km 2 (2,898.17 sq mi), Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary in Gujarat is the largest wildlife sanctuary in the country. [9] The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have the most number of wildlife sanctuaries. [10]
Ostriches were also formerly native to India, but also became extinct during the Late Pleistocene. [9] [10] India is home to several well-known large animals, including the Indian elephant, [11] Indian rhinoceros, [12] and Gaur. [4] India is the only country where the big cats tiger and lion exist in the wild.
India is the world's 8th most biodiverse region with a 0.46 BioD score on diversity index, 102,718 species of fauna and 23.39% of the nation's geographical area under forest and tree cover in 2020. [1]
The South Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh are home to nearly 44% of the elephants, 35% of the tigers and 31% of the leopards in India. [9] The state of Karnataka alone is home to 22% of the elephants, 18% of the tigers and 14% of the leopards in India.
Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO), India is an NGO; Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) India Nature Watch (INW) spreading the love of nature and wildlife in India through photography; Geological Survey of India (GSI) also maintains 2 fossil parks currently. Fossil Parks ...
In 1970, India had only five national parks. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger in 1973 to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species and currently there are 106 national parks in India. Further legislation strengthening protection for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s.
The Wildlife Institute of India estimated the presence of three tigers in and around the sanctuary but the number has increased to five, with three new cubs sighted in March 2011. The field director of Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary said the 2011 births seemed to be the first litter of this tigress.
The Thattekkad Bird Sanctuary, covering an area of barely 25 km 2, and located about 12 km from Kothamangalam (Kerala state, India), was the first bird sanctuary in Kerala. Salim Ali, one of the best known ornithologists, described this sanctuary as the richest bird habitat on peninsular India.