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1. Divide the domain into discrete control volume. 2. Place the nodal point between end points defining the physical boundaries. Boundaries/ faces of the control volume are created midway between adjacent nodes. 3. Set up the control volume near the edge of domain such that physical as well as control volume boundaries will coincide with each ...
The closed surface enclosing the region is referred to as the control surface. [1] At steady state, a control volume can be thought of as an arbitrary volume in which the mass of the continuum remains constant. As a continuum moves through the control volume, the mass entering the control volume is equal to the mass leaving the control volume.
Hirsch, C. (1990), Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows, Volume 2: Computational Methods for Inviscid and Viscous Flows, Wiley. Laney, Culbert B.(1998), Computational Gas Dynamics, Cambridge University Press. LeVeque, Randall(1990), Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws, ETH Lectures in Mathematics Series, Birkhauser-Verlag.
Traditionally, most of theoretical models are based on Bernoulli equation after taking the frictional losses into account using a control volume (Fig. 2). The frictional loss is described using the Darcy–Weisbach equation. One obtains a governing equation of dividing flow as follows: Fig. 2. Control volume
where Ω represents the control volume. Since this equation must hold for any control volume, it must be true that the integrand is zero, from this the Cauchy momentum equation follows. The main step (not done above) in deriving this equation is establishing that the derivative of the stress tensor is one of the forces that constitutes F i. [1]
The convection–diffusion equation can be derived in a straightforward way [4] from the continuity equation, which states that the rate of change for a scalar quantity in a differential control volume is given by flow and diffusion into and out of that part of the system along with any generation or consumption inside the control volume: + =, where j is the total flux and R is a net ...
The convective form emphasizes changes to the state in a frame of reference moving with the fluid. The conservation form emphasizes the mathematical interpretation of the equations as conservation equations for a control volume fixed in space (which is useful from a numerical point of view).
Where the sum of forces on the contents of a control volume in the open channel is equal to the sum of the time rate of change of the linear momentum of the contents of the control volume, plus the net rate of flow of linear momentum through the control surface. [1] The momentum principle may always be used for hydrodynamic force calculations. [2]