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A pidgin [1] [2] [3] / ˈ p ɪ dʒ ɪ n /, or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in common: typically, its vocabulary and grammar are limited and often drawn from several languages.
Keith Whinnom pinpointed the idea that a proto-pidgin "spread via normal linguistic diffusion" [2] and claimed that there are many similarities between Spanish contact vernaculars and languages of this type used in the Philippines and a Portuguese Creole in India.
According to the monogenetic theory of pidgins, sabir was a basic word in Mediterranean Lingua Franca, brought to West Africa through Portuguese pidgin. An English cognate is savvy .) Also, pikin or " pickaninny " comes from the Portuguese words pequeno and pequenino , which mean "small" and "small child" respectively.
Creole languages descend from pidgins. [18] [19] Another example is Nicaraguan Sign Language, created from isolated signs that did not form a set of stable rules, and thus did not then constitute an authentic language. [20] Polygenesis is not to be confused with the wave theory, originally propounded by Johannes Schmidt. [21]
West African Pidgin English arose during the period of the transatlantic slave trade as a language of commerce between British and African slave traders. Portuguese merchants were the first Europeans to trade in West Africa beginning in the 15th century, and West African Pidgin English contains numerous words of Portuguese origin such as sabi ('to know'), a derivation of the Portuguese saber. [3]
No ____, no ____ predates the origin of Chinese Pidgin English, [30] but is also a notable example of fabricated pidgin English: (沒 (no) 票 (ticket) 沒 (no) 襯衣 (shirt)) meaning "If you don't have a laundry receipt, I won't give you your shirts", said to be a fabricated pidgin English inaccurately attributed to the Chinese laundry ...
Micronesian Pidgin is an English-based pidgin language spoken in nineteenth-century Micronesia.It may have been related to Melanesian Pidgin English, due to prolonged language contact via migrant workers from Melanesia, shared lexicon and similar grammatical innovations.
Pidgins that are spoken as first languages become creoles. English-based pidgins that became stable contact languages, and which have some documentation, include the following: Aboriginal Pidgin English; Native American Pidgin English; Cameroonian Pidgin English; Chinese Pidgin English; Butler English (India) Ghanaian Pidgin English; Hawaiian ...