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Marcus's method is a structural analysis used in the design of reinforced concrete slabs.The method was developed by Henri Marcus and described in 1938 in Die Theorie elastischer Gewebe und ihre Anwendung auf die Berechnung biegsamer Platten. [1]
The applicability of this method is extended in many building codes by applying factors to account for higher buildings with some higher modes, and for low levels of twisting. To account for effects due to "yielding" of the structure, many codes apply modification factors that reduce the design forces (e.g. force reduction factors).
Creep and shrinkage of concrete are two physical properties of concrete.The creep of concrete, which originates from the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) in the hardened Portland cement paste (which is the binder of mineral aggregates), is fundamentally different from the creep of metals and polymers.
The humidity content of concrete is one of the main influencing factors of CO 2 diffusion in concrete. If concrete pores are completely and permanently saturated (for instance in submerged structures) CO 2 diffusion is prevented. On the other hand, for completely dry concrete, the chemical reaction of carbonation cannot occur.
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel-reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving (see below). [1] [2]
Slab: Modeling building slabs and foundations Opening: Add openings to the slab object Column/Pile: Modeling supports of mean dimensions like most of structural columns supporting Building slabs or Piles supporting foundations Beam: Modeling of beams supporting the slabs Wall Support: Modeling supports elongated in one direction like a ...
A clear distinction is made between the ultimate state (US) and the ultimate limit state (ULS). The Ultimate State is a physical situation that involves either excessive deformations leading and approaching collapse of the component under consideration or the structure as a whole, as relevant, or deformations exceeding pre-agreed values.
Tilt-up, tilt-slab or tilt-wall is a type of building and a construction technique using concrete. Though it is a cost-effective technique with a shorter completion time, [ 1 ] poor performance in earthquakes has mandated significant seismic retrofit requirements in older buildings.