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The gender gap in life expectancy suggests differences in the aging process between males and females. A key factor underlying aging is considered to be DNA damage , particularly DNA double-strand breaks, and the capability to repair these damages declines with age. [ 128 ]
Gender-based medicine, also called "gender medicine", is the field of medicine that studies the biological and physiological differences between the human sexes and how that affects differences in disease. Traditionally, medical research has mostly been conducted using the male body as the basis for clinical studies.
Gender is a term used to exemplify the attributes that a society or culture constitutes as "masculine" or "feminine". ... a professor of biology and gender studies ...
The human Y chromosome showing the SRY gene which codes for a protein regulating sexual differentiation. Sexual differentiation in humans is the process of development of sex differences in humans.
The term gender is sometimes used by linguists to refer to social gender as well as grammatical gender. [103] Some languages, such as German or Finnish, have no separate words for sex and gender. German, for example, uses "Biologisches Geschlecht" for biological sex, and "Soziales Geschlecht" for gender when making this distinction. [ 104 ]
Gender incongruence is the state of having a gender identity that does not correspond to one's sex assigned at birth.This is experienced by people who identify as transgender or transsexual, and often results in gender dysphoria. [1]
Gender essentialism is a theory which attributes distinct, intrinsic qualities to women and men. [1] [2] Based in essentialism, it holds that there are certain universal, innate, biologically (or psychologically) based features of gender that are at the root of many of the group differences observed in the behavior of men and women.
Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the sex differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote. [1] [2] Sex determination is often distinct from sex differentiation; sex determination is the designation for the development stage towards either male or female, while sex differentiation is the pathway towards the development of the phenotype.