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Unit cell of sodium peroxide Na 2 O 2. The sodium ions are violet and the peroxide ions in red. In chemistry, metal peroxides are metal-containing compounds with ionically- or covalently-bonded peroxide (O 2− 2) groups. This large family of compounds can be divided into ionic and covalent peroxide.
The peroxide group is marked in blue. R, R 1 and R 2 mark hydrocarbon moieties. The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". It is marketed as solutions in water at various concentrations. Many organic peroxides are known as well. In addition to hydrogen peroxide, some other major classes of ...
Periodic table of the chemical elements showing the most or more commonly named sets of elements (in periodic tables), and a traditional dividing line between metals and nonmetals. The f-block actually fits between groups 2 and 3; it is usually shown at the foot of the table to save horizontal space.
Applied to molecular ions, this algorithm considers the actual location of the formal (ionic) charge, as drawn in the Lewis structure. As an example, summing bond orders in the ammonium cation yields −4 at the nitrogen of formal charge +1, with the two numbers adding to the oxidation state of −3:
Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
After 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev proposed his periodic table placing oxygen at the top of "group VI" above sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. [45] Chromium , molybdenum , tungsten , and uranium were sometimes included in this group, but they would be later rearranged as part of group VIB ; uranium would later be moved to the actinide series.
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Metals in the middle of the reactivity series, such as iron, will react with acids such as sulfuric acid (but not water at normal temperatures) to give hydrogen and a metal salt, such as iron(II) sulfate: Fe (s) + H 2 SO 4 (l) → FeSO 4 (aq) + H 2 (g) There is some ambiguity at the borderlines between the groups.