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Poisson's ratio of a material defines the ratio of transverse strain (x direction) to the axial strain (y direction)In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: ν ()) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading.
Elastic properties describe the reversible deformation (elastic response) of a material to an applied stress.They are a subset of the material properties that provide a quantitative description of the characteristics of a material, like its strength.
Since the stress and strain tensors are symmetric, ... is the Poisson's ratio that corresponds to a contraction in direction when an extension is ...
Some materials, known as auxetics, possess a negative Poisson's ratio because of their unique molecular structure. Because of this property, they experience a positive lateral strain alongside a positive longitudinal strain, and vice versa.
Stress is the ratio of force over area (S = R/A, where S is the stress, R is the internal resisting force and A is the cross-sectional area). Strain is the ratio of change in length to the original length, when a given body is subjected to some external force (Strain= change in length÷the original length).
the Poisson's ratio ν describes the response in the directions orthogonal to this uniaxial stress (the wire getting thinner and the column thicker), the bulk modulus K describes the material's response to (uniform) hydrostatic pressure (like the pressure at the bottom of the ocean or a deep swimming pool),
The popular definition of Poisson's ratio is valid only for infinitesimal strains and linear elasticity. The Poisson effect may be observed beyond that regime. But the Poisson's ratio is neither constant nor does it have any fixed relationship with other moduli beyond the small strain regime.
When a part is subjected to a cyclic stress, also known as stress range (Sr), it has been observed that the failure of the part occurs after a number of stress reversals (N) even if the magnitude of the stress range is below the material's yield strength. Generally, higher the range stress, the fewer the number of reversals needed for failure.