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Serial ATA (SATA). The SATA data cable has one data pair for differential transmission of data to the device, and one pair for differential receiving from the device, just like EIA-422. That requires that data be transmitted serially. A similar differential signaling system is used in RS485, LocalTalk, USB, FireWire, and differential SCSI.
A 3.5-inch Serial ATA hard disk drive A 2.5-inch Serial ATA solid-state drive. SATA was announced in 2000 [4] [5] in order to provide several advantages over the earlier PATA interface such as reduced cable size and cost (seven conductors instead of 40 or 80), native hot swapping, faster data transfer through higher signaling rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing ...
When a SATA controller is configured to operate in IDE Mode, the number of storage devices per controller is usually limited to four (two IDE channels, master device and slave device with up to two devices per channel), compared to the maximum of 32 devices/ports when configured in AHCI mode.
Parallel ATA (PATA), originally AT Attachment, also known as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), is a standard interface designed for IBM PC-compatible computers.It was first developed by Western Digital and Compaq in 1986 for compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives.
Hence, its protocol is usually ATA (a.k.a. PATA), SATA, SCSI, FC or SAS. The front-end interface communicates with a computer's host adapter (HBA, Host Bus Adapter) and uses: one of ATA, SATA, SCSI, FC; these are popular protocols used by disks, so by using one of them a controller may transparently emulate a disk for a computer.
These integrated peripheral controllers communicate with a host adapter in the host system over a standardized, high-level storage bus interface. The most common types of interfaces provided nowadays by host controllers are PATA (IDE) and Serial ATA for home use. High-end disks use Parallel SCSI, Fibre Channel or Serial Attached SCSI.