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An example is the distal tibiofibular joint. Injuries to the ankle syndesmosis are commonly known as a "high ankle sprain". Although the syndesmosis is a joint, in the literature the term syndesmotic injury is used to describe injury of the syndesmotic ligaments.
The inferior tibiofibular joint, also known as the distal tibiofibular joint (tibiofibular syndesmosis), is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the distal end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia.
Synostosis (from Ancient Greek συν- (syn-) ' together ' and ὀστέον (ostéon) ' bone '; plural: synostoses) is fusion of two or more bones. It can be normal in puberty (e.g. fusion of the epiphyseal plate to become the epiphyseal line), or abnormal. When synostosis is abnormal it is a type of dysostosis. Examples of synostoses include:
In addition, at the inferior tibiofibular joint, the articulating surfaces of the bones lack cartilage and the narrow gap between the bones is anchored by fibrous connective tissue and ligaments on both the anterior and posterior aspects of the joint. Together, the interosseous membrane and these ligaments form the tibiofibular syndesmosis.
The distal tibia and fibula are fused, and the distal calcaneus is extremely elongated. [10] The tibiofibular synostosis stabilizes the ankle joint and prevents side to side wobble during movement. The elongation of the calcaneus acts as a long lever and provides biomechanical advantage and efficiency for rapid flexion and extension of the ankle.
tibiofibular syndesmosis disrupted with widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation; medial malleolus fracture or deltoid ligament injury present; unstable: requires ORIF; Categories B and C imply a degree of damage to the syndesmosis itself (which cannot be directly visualised on X-ray).
Maisonneuve fracture - a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane.; Le Fort fracture of ankle - a vertical fracture of the antero-medial part of the distal fibula with avulsion of the anterior tibiofibular ligament.
A Tillaux fracture is a Salter–Harris type III fracture through the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis. [1] It occurs in older adolescents between the ages of 12 and 15 when the medial epiphysis had closed but before the lateral side has done so, [2] due to an avulsion of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, at the opposite end to a Wagstaffe-Le Fort avulsion fracture