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In Roman mythology, Somnus ("sleep") is the personification of sleep. [1] His Greek counterpart is Hypnos. [2] Somnus resided in the underworld. According to Virgil, Somnus was the brother of Death , [3] and according to Ovid, Somnus had a 'thousand' sons, [4] the Somnia ('dream shapes'), who appear in dreams 'mimicking many forms'. [5]
One magical papyrus from Roman Egypt recommends placing the heart of a hoopoe on a sleeping woman's genitals to induce truthful answers; another says that the tongue of a hen placed on her lips or breast will cause her to reveal the name of the man she loves.
Homosexuality in ancient Rome often differs markedly from the contemporary West. Latin lacks words that would precisely translate "homosexual" and "heterosexual". [1] The primary dichotomy of ancient Roman sexuality was active / dominant / masculine and passive / submissive / feminine.
The institution of Roman marriage was a practice of marital monogamy: Roman citizens could have only one spouse at a time in marriage but were allowed to divorce and remarry. This form of prescriptively monogamous marriage that co-existed with male resource polygyny [ a ] in Greco-Roman civilization may have arisen from the relative ...
The Roman baths in Bath, Somerset, were rebuilt, and used by both sexes without garments until the 15th century. [87] Later in the period, with the emergence of a middle class, clothing in the form of fashion was a significant indicator of class , and thus its lack became a greater source of embarrassment .
An exploration of ancient sewers beneath the Colosseum, the world’s most recognizable stadium, revealed the kinds of food spectators snacked on in the stands and the animals that met their fate ...
The Roman name for sleep deprivation was tormentum vigilae, or "waking torture." [92] They used sleep deprivation to torture criminals and prisoners. [93] Sleepwalking was associated with evil spirits. [94] Roman men could often develop hypochondriasis due to their tendency to discuss and pay attention to medical matters. [95]
The remaining soldiers were given rations of barley instead of wheat and forced to sleep outside of the Roman encampment. This punishment was forgotten over time since the early Republic, but the ancient punishment was resurrected by Marcus Crassus during the Spartacus gladiator rebellion in 72 BC, when two of his legions disobeyed his direct ...