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The letters of the fifth decade are often used in the past tense and other grammatical forms: when rub becomes rubbed, in braille the letter b is moved down a dot to indicate the bb. However, those letters which double as punctuation marks— ea, bb, cc, dd, ff, gg —may only occur sandwiched in the middle of a word, not at the beginning or ...
Uncontracted braille is a direct transliteration of print words (one-to-one correspondence); hence, the word "about" would contain all the same letters in uncontracted braille as it does in inkprint. Contracted braille includes short forms to save space; hence, for example, the letters "ab" when standing alone represent the word "about" in ...
Therefore, in Braille, all letters are lower-case by default, unless preceded by a capitalization sign (⠠ dot 6). The numbers 1 through 9 and 0 correspond to the letters a through j, except that they are lowered or shifted lower in the Braille cell. For example, ⠉ dots 1-4 represents c, and ⠒ dots 2-5 is 3. The other symbols may or may ...
In themselves, braille letters do not belong to any print script, but constitute a distinct braille script. The same braille letter can be used to transcribe multiple scripts, e.g. Latin, Cyrillic, Greek and even elements of Chinese characters, as well as digits.
The Gardner–Salinas braille codes are a proposed method of encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired. The most common form of Gardner–Salinas braille is the 8-cell variety, commonly called GS8. There is also a corresponding 6-cell form called GS6. [1]
The placement dot distinguishes the tilde from the letter ð , and the ring from the letter ŋ . [d] Many diacritics are identical in form to the corresponding symbols in Unified English Braille, but always follow the letter in IPA Braille. When there is more than one diacritic, they are written in the order lowest to highest.
2) The Braille Computer Notation as defined by the Braille Authority of the United Kingdom. [2] It uses 8-dot patterns to represent 256 different values so arbitrary byte data can be written in Braille. The 8-dot code is designed that its 6-dot subset is identical to the 6-dot code. The remainder are assigned by the following rules:
The Braille pattern dots-456 (⠸) is a 6-dot braille cell with all three right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top, upper-middle, and lower-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2838, and in Braille ASCII with the underscore: _.