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  2. Catastrophe theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophe_theory

    Catastrophe theory studies dynamical systems that describe the evolution [5] of a state variable over time : ˙ = = (,) In the above equation, is referred to as the potential function, and is often a vector or a scalar which parameterise the potential function.

  3. Catastrophism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophism

    In geology, catastrophism is the theory that the Earth has largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope. [1] This contrasts with uniformitarianism (sometimes called gradualism ), according to which slow incremental changes, such as erosion , brought about all the Earth's geological features.

  4. List of forms of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government

    Demarchy, in theory, could overcome some of the functional problems of conventional representative democracy, which is widely subject to manipulation by special interests and a division between professional policymakers (politicians and lobbyists) vs. a largely passive, uninvolved and often uninformed electorate.

  5. List of superseded scientific theories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_superseded...

    Balance of nature – superseded by catastrophe theory and chaos theory. Progression of atomic theory. Democritus, the originator of atomic theory, held that everything is composed of atoms that are indestructible. His claim that atoms are indestructible is not the reason it is superseded—as it was later scientists who identified the concept ...

  6. Gradualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradualism

    The United States government wanted to try to integrate African-Americans and European-Americans slowly into the same society, but many believed it was a way for the government to put off actually doing anything about racial segregation: This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.

  7. Inverted U - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_U

    Inverted U may refer to: Calmfors–Driffill hypothesis , an economic theory describing the relationship between collective bargaining and employment Kuznets curve , an economic theory describing the relationship between income per capita and wealth inequity

  8. The Real Economic Catastrophe Will Be Caused by the U.S ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/real-economic-catastrophe...

    Should we blame Biden and the politicians applauding him for their unwillingness to address our looming fiscal disaster?

  9. R. J. Rummel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._J._Rummel

    Rummel was born in 1932 in Cleveland, Ohio, to a family of German descent.A child of the Great Depression and World War II, he attended local public schools.Rummel received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts from the University of Hawaiʻi in 1959 and 1961, respectively, and his PhD in political science from Northwestern University in 1963.