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  2. World Hypotheses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Hypotheses

    World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence, by Stephen C. Pepper (1942), presents four relatively adequate world hypotheses (or world views or conceptual systems) in terms of their root metaphors: formism (similarity), mechanism (machine), contextualism (historical act), and organicism (living system). In World Hypotheses, Pepper demonstrates the ...

  3. Mechanism (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(philosophy)

    The mechanical philosophy is a form of natural philosophy which compares the universe to a large-scale mechanism (i.e. a machine). The mechanical philosophy is associated with the scientific revolution of early modern Europe. One of the first expositions of universal mechanism is found in the opening passages of Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes ...

  4. James Jeans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Jeans

    Jeans was elected Fellow of Trinity College in October 1901, [7][8] and taught at Cambridge, but went to Princeton University in 1904 as a professor of applied mathematics. He returned to Cambridge in 1910. He made important contributions in many areas of physics, including quantum theory, the theory of radiation and stellar evolution.

  5. Reductionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductionism

    The role of reduction in computer science can be thought as a precise and unambiguous mathematical formalization of the philosophical idea of "theory reductionism". In a general sense, a problem (or set) is said to be reducible to another problem (or set), if there is a computable/feasible method to translate the questions of the former into ...

  6. Instrumentalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalism

    Instrumentalism. In philosophy of science and in epistemology, instrumentalism is a methodological view that ideas are useful instruments, and that the worth of an idea is based on how effective it is in explaining and predicting natural phenomena. According to instrumentalists, a successful scientific theory reveals nothing known either true ...

  7. Worldview - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldview

    A worldview or a world-view or Weltanschauung is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view. [1] A worldview can include natural philosophy; fundamental, existential, and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics.

  8. Newtonianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonianism

    Title page of Isaac Newton's Opticks. Newtonianism is a philosophical and scientific doctrine inspired by the beliefs and methods of natural philosopher Isaac Newton.While Newton's influential contributions were primarily in physics and mathematics, his broad conception of the universe as being governed by rational and understandable laws laid the foundation for many strands of Enlightenment ...

  9. Spaceship Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceship_Earth

    Spaceship Earth is the name given to the 50 m (160 ft) diameter geodesic sphere that greets visitors at the entrance of Walt Disney World 's Epcot theme park. Housed within the sphere is a dark ride that serves to explore the history of communications and promote Epcot's founding principles, " [a] belief and pride in man's ability to shape a ...