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Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. [3] Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness . [ 2 ] Other symptoms may include nausea , burning with urination , and frequent urination . [ 2 ]
Nephritis can often be caused by infections and toxins, but it is most commonly caused by autoimmune disorders that affect the major organs like kidneys. [5]Pyelonephritis is inflammation that results from a urinary tract infection that reaches the renal pelvis of the kidney.
When patients do not improve quickly with appropriate antibiotics, however, appropriate radiographic studies help diagnose pyonephrosis, emphysematous pyelonephritis, and renal and/or perirenal abscesses.
A urinary tract infection may involve only the lower urinary tract, in which case it is known as a bladder infection. Alternatively, it may involve the upper urinary tract, in which case it is known as pyelonephritis. If the urine contains significant bacteria but there are no symptoms, the condition is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. [10]
Nephrology is the medical specialty which addresses diseases of kidney function: these include CKD, nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, acute kidney injury, and pyelonephritis. Urology addresses diseases of kidney (and urinary tract) anatomy: these include cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones and ureteral stones, and urinary tract obstruction. [7]
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Nephritic syndrome is a syndrome comprising signs of nephritis, which is kidney disease involving inflammation.It often occurs in the glomerulus, where it is called glomerulonephritis.
Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that occurs when bacteria enters the body through the urinary tract. It causes an inflammation of the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis. [ 12 ] There are three main classifications of pyelonephritis: acute, chronic and xanthogranulomatous .