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Egocentrism is found across the life span: in infancy, [2] early childhood, [3] [4] adolescence, [5] and adulthood. [3] [6] Although egocentric behaviors are less prominent in adulthood, the existence of some forms of egocentrism in adulthood indicates that overcoming egocentrism may be a lifelong development that never achieves completion. [7]
Egocentric bias is the tendency to rely too heavily on one's own perspective and/or have a higher opinion of oneself than reality. [1] It appears to be the result of the psychological need to satisfy one's ego and to be advantageous for memory consolidation.
Adultcentrism is the exaggerated egocentrism of adults, [1] including the belief that an adult perspective is inherently better (when compared to that of children). It is used to describe the conditions facing children and youth in schools , homes , and community settings; however, adultcentrism is not always based on a notion of being good or ...
All adults have, and use, primitive defenses, but most people also have more mature ways of coping with reality and anxiety. [14] Synthesis: The synthetic function is the ego's capacity to organize and unify other functions within the personality. It enables the individual to think, feel, and act in a coherent manner.
It is important to discern that naïve cynicism is related to the notion that others have an egocentric bias that motivates them to do things for their own self-interest rather than for altruistic reasons. Both of these theories, however, relate to the extent that adults credit or discredit the beliefs or statements of others. [7]
Egocentric predicament, a term coined by Ralph Barton Perry in an article (Journal of Philosophy 1910), is the problem of not being able to view reality outside of our own perceptions. All worldly knowledge takes the form of mental representations that our mind examines in different ways.
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Egocentrism, then, refers to the inability to distinguish one's own perspective from that of others, but does not necessarily imply selfishness or conceit. [6] In speech, children are egocentric when they consider matters only from their own perspective. For example, a young egocentric boy might want to buy his mother a toy car for her birthday.