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Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow color of urine. It is a linear tetrapyrrole compound that, along with the related colorless compound urobilinogen , are degradation products of the cyclic tetrapyrrole heme .
Urobilinogen is a yellow by-product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by the bacterial enzyme bilirubin reductase. [1] About half of the urobilinogen formed is reabsorbed and taken up via the portal vein to the liver, enters circulation and is excreted by the kidney.
One breakdown product, urobilin, is the main component of the straw-yellow color in urine. [9] Another breakdown product, stercobilin, causes the brown color of feces. Although bilirubin is usually found in animals rather than plants, at least one plant species, Strelitzia nicolai, is known to contain the pigment. [10]
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Usually urination color comes primarily from the presence of urobilin. [11] Urobilin is a final waste product resulting from the breakdown of heme from hemoglobin during the destruction of aging blood cells. [12] [13] Colorless urine indicates over-hydration.
A standard urine test strip may comprise up to 10 different chemical pads or reagents which react (change color) when immersed in, and then removed from, a urine sample.The test can often be read in as little as 60 to 120 seconds after dipping, although certain tests require longer.
Sometimes a supplement, medication, or food can cause your urine to turn green, but it's usually not something you need to be worried about.
The bilin-binding protein is predominantly present in hemolymph, fat body, and epidermis in the last instar larval and in the wings of the adult insect of Pieris brassicae. [6] Although it has recently been discovered that three swallowtail butterfly larval color patterns are correlated with the combination of bilin-binding protein and the ...