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A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses or gains that may be incurred by a companion investment. A hedge can be constructed from many types of financial instruments, including stocks, exchange-traded funds, insurance, forward contracts, swaps, options, gambles, [1] many types of over-the-counter and derivative products, and futures contracts.
A related term, delta hedging, is the process of setting or keeping a portfolio as close to delta-neutral as possible. In practice, maintaining a zero delta is very complex because there are risks associated with re-hedging on large movements in the underlying stock's price, and research indicates portfolios tend to have lower cash flows if re ...
A very straightforward strategy might simply be the buying or selling of a single option; however, option strategies often refer to a combination of simultaneous buying and or selling of options. Options strategies allow traders to profit from movements in the underlying assets based on market sentiment (i.e., bullish, bearish or neutral).
Market participants are taking on a 'this is as good as it gets' mentality, and it may be time to think about hedging your portfolio against broader market risks.
The recent sell-offs in the stock market and lower bond yields could be indicators of a potential correction as many businesses struggle to stay afloat while the impact of the global pandemic lingers.
A portfolio is truly market-neutral if it exhibits zero correlation with the unwanted source of risk. [1] Market neutrality is an ideal, which is seldom possible in practice. [2] A portfolio that appears market-neutral may exhibit unexpected correlations as market conditions change. The risk of this occurring is called basis risk.
For example, if the delta of a portfolio of options in XYZ (expressed as shares of the underlying) is +2.75, the trader would be able to delta-hedge the portfolio by selling short 2.75 shares of the underlying. This portfolio will then retain its total value regardless of which direction the price of XYZ moves.
In finance, a collar is an option strategy that limits the range of possible positive or negative returns on an underlying to a specific range. A collar strategy is used as one of the ways to hedge against possible losses and it represents long put options financed with short call options. [1]