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  2. Symbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis

    The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years. [7] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens. [8] [9] In 1878, the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms".

  3. Symbiotic bacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic_bacteria

    Ectosymbiosis is defined as a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on the outside surface of a different organism. [3] For instance, barnacles on whales is an example of an ectosymbiotic relationship where the whale provides the barnacle with a home, a ride, and access to food.

  4. Cleaning symbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning_symbiosis

    Cleaning symbiosis is a relationship between a pair of animals of different species, involving the removal and subsequent ingestion of ectoparasites, diseased and injured tissue, and unwanted food items from the surface of the host organism (the client) by the cleaning organism (the cleaner). [5]

  5. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    Close and long-term interactions are described as symbiosis; [a] symbioses that are mutually beneficial are called mutualistic. [2] [3] [4] The term symbiosis was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens or in parasites that benefit themselves. [5]

  6. Photosymbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosymbiosis

    Sponges (phylum Porifera) have a large diversity of photosymbiote associations. Photosymbiosis is found in four classes of Porifera (Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, Homoscleromorpha, and Calcarea), and known photosynthetic partners are cyanobacteria, chloroflexi, dinoflagellates, and red and green (Chlorophyta) algae.

  7. Marine microbial symbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Microbial_Symbiosis

    Microbial symbiosis in marine animals was not discovered until 1981. [3] In the time following, symbiotic relationships between marine invertebrates and chemoautotrophic bacteria have been found in a variety of ecosystems, ranging from shallow coastal waters to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Symbiosis is a way for marine organisms to find ...

  8. Tripartite symbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartite_symbiosis

    Tripartite symbiosis is a type of symbiosis involving three species. This can include any combination of plants , animals , fungi , bacteria , or archaea , often in interkingdom symbiosis . Ants

  9. Cooperation (evolution) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperation_(evolution)

    Many lichens are examples of obligate symbiosis. In fact, one-fifth of all known extant fungal species form obligate symbiotic associations with green algae, cyanobacteria or both. [24] Not all examples of mutualism are also examples of cooperation. Specifically, in by-product mutualism, both participants benefit, but cooperation is not involved.