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The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional mechanism in which psychosocial factors influence the GI tract and vice versa. Specifically, the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain influence GI activity and immune cell function, and the microbes within the gut regulate mood, cognition, and mental health. [ 29 ]
The phenomenon of the gut–memory connection is based on and part of the idea of the gut-brain axis, a complex communication network, linking the central nervous system to the gut. The gut-brain axis first gained significant momentum in research and formal recognition in the 20th century with advancements in neuroscience and gastroenterology ...
Diverticulitis, also called colonic diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches—diverticula—that can develop in the wall of the large intestine. [1] Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain of sudden onset, but the onset may also occur over a few days. [1]
Diverticulitis is defined as diverticular disease with signs and symptoms of diverticular inflammation. Clinical features of acute diverticulitis include constant abdominal pain, localized abdominal tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, fever and leukocytosis .
Damage to the defecation centre within the medulla oblongata of the brain can lead to bowel dysfunction. A stroke or acquired brain injury may lead to damage to this centre in the brain. Damage to the defecation centre can lead to a loss of coordination between rectal and anal contractions and also a loss of awareness of the need to defecate. [12]
Complicated diverticulitis is treated with antibiotics and may require surgical interventions such as abscess drainage or fistula repair. [8] Pain is managed with antispasmodics or acetaminophen, rather than NSAIDs (ibuprofen, aspirin, etc.). [16] Antibiotics should be used selectively in most cases of uncomplicated diverticulitis.