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The guar (from Persian: گوآر : gvār) or cluster bean, with the botanical name Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, is an annual legume and the source of guar gum. It is also known as gavar, gawar, or guvar bean. The genus name Cyamopsis means bean-like (from Greek: κύαμος : kýamos "bean" + Greek: ὄψις : ópsis "view').
Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan polysaccharide extracted from guar beans that has thickening and stabilizing properties useful in food, feed, and industrial applications. [1] The guar seeds are mechanically dehusked, hydrated, milled and screened according to application. [ 2 ]
guar gum, mannose:galactose ~2:1; tara gum, mannose:galactose ~3:1; locust bean gum or carob gum, mannose:galactose ~4:1; cassia gum, mannose:galactose ~5:1; Galactomannans are often used in food products to increase the viscosity of the water phase. Guar gum has been used to add viscosity to artificial tears, but is not as stable as ...
Other sugar polymers include vegetable gums such as pectin from Citrus peel, guar gum from the guar bean, and locust bean gum from the carob bean.. Agar, alginin and carrageenan are polysaccharides extracted from algae, xanthan gum is a polysaccharide secreted by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris, and carboxymethyl cellulose is a synthetic gum derived from cellulose.
A solution of tara gum is less viscous than a guar gum solution of the same concentration, but more viscous than a solution of locust bean gum. Furthermore, tara gum shows an intermediate acid stability between locust bean gum and guar gum. It resists the depolymerisation effect of organic acids down to a pH of 3.5.
Humans have used natural gums for various purposes, including chewing and the manufacturing of a wide range of products – such as varnish and lacquerware.Before the invention of synthetic equivalents, trade in gum formed part of the economy in places such as the Arabian peninsula (whence the name "gum arabic"), West Africa, [3] East Africa and northern New Zealand ().
Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride is an organic compound that is a water-soluble quaternary ammonium derivative of guar gum. It gives conditioning properties to shampoos and after-shampoo hair care products. The effects of the cationic charge density, guar concentration in aqueous solution, and treatment time on bleached European hair have ...
Measured in haemagglutinating units (hau), a raw red kidney bean may contain up to 70,000 hau, but this is reduced to between 200 and 400 hau when properly cooked. [5] Studies by British scientists recommend soaking beans for at least five hours, discarding the water, and then boiling the beans in fresh water at 100 °C (212 °F) for at least ...