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The Amu Darya (/ ˌ ɑː m uː ˈ d ɑːr j ə / AH-moo DAR-yə), [a] (Persian: آمو دریا) also shortened to Amu and historically known as the Oxus (/ ˈ ɒ k s ə s / OK-səss), [2] [b] is a major river in Central Asia, which flows through Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.
Geographically, it is the region between the rivers Amu Darya to its south and the Syr Darya to its north. [ 2 ] The region of Transoxiana was one of the satrapies (provinces) of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia under the name Sogdia .
Established in 1982 to protect part of the Amu Darya River, it is located in the north-east of Lebap Province and covers an area of 495 km 2. It also incorporates one sanctuary: Kelif Sanctuary - established in 1970.
The Syr Darya (River), which flows westward for over 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi) from the Tian Shan Mountains across eastern Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan to the Aral Sea. The Amu Darya (River), which runs parallel to and south of the Syr Darya; the Amu Darya flows out of Afghanistan and Tajikistan northwest along the border of Uzbekistan ...
The Amu Darya carries more water than any other river in Central Asia. The upper course of the Amu Darya, called the Panj River, is 921 kilometres (572 mi) long. The river's name changes at the confluence of the Panj, the Vakhsh, and the Kofarnihon rivers in far southwestern Tajikistan.
The river contributes about 25% of the total flow of the Amu Darya, its parent river. Its average discharge is 538 m 3 /s, with an annual discharge of 20.0 km 3 . However, since the Vakhsh is fed mostly by melting snow and glaciers , these flow rates have great seasonal variability between winter and summer.
The Aral Sea in central Asia used to be one of the world's largest lakes. NASA explains, "In the 1960s, the Soviet Union undertook a major water diversion project on the arid plains of Kazakhstan ...
The Amu Darya is Turkmenistan's largest and heaviest flowing river. One-thousand kilometers of its 1,415-kilometer length flows through Turkmenistan. It is the primary water source for the Karakum Canal. The Murghab River, Turkmenistan's second-largest, is 978 kilometers in length, with 530 kilometers of that in Turkmenistan.