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The reason for some limits of ext2 are the file format of the data and the operating system's kernel. Mostly these factors will be determined once when the file system is built. They depend on the block size and the ratio of the number of blocks and inodes. [citation needed] In Linux the block size is limited by the architecture page size.
This specifies the size of the chunks of data as delivered by dd, and is unrelated to sectors or filesystem blocks. In Linux, disk sector size can be determined with sudo fdisk -l | grep "Sector size" and block size can be determined with sudo blockdev --getbsz /dev/sda. [14]
Note that in addition to the below table, block capabilities can be implemented below the file system layer in Linux (LVM, integritysetup, cryptsetup) or Windows (Volume Shadow Copy Service, SECURITY), etc.
ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3.. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed by Cluster File Systems for the Lustre file system between 2003 and 2006, meant to extend storage limits and add other performance improvements. [4]
The process of putting data into blocks is called blocking, while deblocking is the process of extracting data from blocks. Blocked data is normally stored in a data buffer, and read or written a whole block at a time. Blocking reduces the overhead and speeds up the handling of the data stream. [3]
The layout of a disk with the GUID Partition Table. In this example, each logical block is 512 bytes in size and each entry has 128 bytes. The corresponding partition entries are assumed to be located in LBA 2–33. Negative LBA addresses indicate a position from the end of the volume, with −1 being the last addressable block.
The structure allows for inodes to describe very large files in file systems with a fixed logical block size. Central to the mechanism is that blocks of addresses (also called indirect blocks) are only allocated as needed. For example, a 12-block file would be described using just the inode because its blocks fit into the number of direct ...
Block size (fixed size, or maximum size for files of variable-length records) (binary) 88: 2: Record length (fixed size or maximum length for variable length records) (binary) 90: 1: Key length if this file has recorded record keys. (binary) 91: 2: Position of the key (if any) in the record relative to zero. (binary) 93: 1