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Babur (Persian: [βɑː.βuɾ]; 14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530; born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad) was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively.
The Bajaur massacre or Battle of Bajaur was a military conflict waged by Babur against the tribes inhibiting Bajaur region, on 6–7 January 1519. Babur, a Timurid (and later Mughal) ruler from Fergana (in present-day Uzbekistan) who captured Kabul in 1504, launched this assault with the purpose of solidifying his authority in the Kabulistan.
Ousted from his ancestral domains in Turkestan by Shaybani Khan, the 40-year-old prince Babur turned to India to satisfy his ambitions. He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. [10] Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after his victory at Panipat in 1526. [10]
In 1526, Ibrahim faced the army of Babur. Ibrahim's much larger army was defeated at the Battle of Panipat, and he was killed in the battle. It is estimated that Babur's forces numbered around 12,000–25,000 men and had between 20 and 24 pieces of canons. Ibrahim had around 50,000 to 120,000 men along with around 400 to 1000 war elephants.
[18] [15] Babur continued his conquest and annihilated the Lodi sultanate's army in the First Battle of Panipat, where he killed the Sultan and founded the Mughal Empire. [ 19 ] According to Baburnama, Rana Sanga had also offered to help Babur against Ibrahim, however while Babur did attack Lodi and take over Delhi and Agra, Sanga made no move ...
Babur also took control of Jhelum, Sialkot, Kalanaur and Dipalpur before returning to Kabul. He placed Dipalpur under control of Alam Khan, a rebel uncle of Ibrahim. [6] At the end of 1525, Babur was to return to northern India, crossing the Indus in December. After securing his conquest of Punjab, Babur advanced towards Delhi.
First Battle of Panipat (1526), fought between the Mughals under Babur and Ibrahim Lodi (Delhi Sultanate) Second Battle of Panipat (1556), fought between Hemchandra Vikramaditya (Sur Empire) and the Mughals under Akbar; Third Battle of Panipat (1761), fought between the Maratha Empire and the Durrani Empire under the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali
Aurangzeb's immediate successor was his third son Azam Shah, who was defeated and killed in June 1707 at the battle of Jajau by the army of Bahadur Shah I, the second son of Aurangzeb. [251] Both because of Aurangzeb's over-extension and because of Bahadur Shah's weak military and leadership qualities, entered a period of terminal decline.