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Women occupy a unique role in the indigenous Japanese traditions of Shinto, including a unique form of participation as temple stewards and shamans, or miko.Though a ban on female Shinto priests was lifted during World War II, the number of women priests in Shinto is a small fraction of contemporary clergy.
A Shinto rite carried out at a jinja in San Marino, Southern Europe. Overseas Shinto designates the practice of the Japanese religion of Shinto outside Japan itself. Shinto has spread abroad by various methods, including the imperial expansion of the Empire of Japan during the Meiji period, the migration of Japanese to other countries, and the embrace of Shinto by various non-Japanese individuals.
A miko (), or shrine maiden, [1] [2] is a young priestess [3] who works at a Shinto shrine. Miko were once likely seen as shamans, [4] but are understood in modern Japanese culture to be an institutionalized [5] role in daily life, trained to perform tasks, ranging from sacred cleansing [4] to performing the sacred Kagura dance.
Crowns were originally a sign of status, but female priests now used saishi, and miko wear tengan (heavenly crown) when dancing. There are two types of crowns: a full crown and a tiara-style crown called maetengan. Female Shinto priests may also wear a nukaate, a forehead covering, depending on the ritual. [19]
During the Second World War, women were again allowed to become priests to fill the void caused by large numbers of men being enlisted in the military. [252] By the late 1990s, around 90% of priests were male, 10% female, [119] contributing to accusations that Shinto discriminates against women. [253] Priests are free to marry and have children ...
In the Japanese communities in Brazil, there was a strong effort by Brazilian priests to proselytize the Japanese. More recently, intermarriage with Catholics also contributed to the growth of Catholicism in the community. [57] Currently, 60% of Japanese-Brazilians are Roman Catholics and 25% are adherents of a Japanese religion. [57]
Wandering Miko Aruki Miko (歩き巫女) are a historical variety of miko, or Shinto priestesses, from Japan. Wandering miko are characterised by their lack of allegiance to any particular shrine or temple, instead performing their religious duties in various locations over time. Gehōbako were a common tool among wandering miko [1]: 85
Kannushi (神主, "divine master (of ceremonies)", originally pronounced kamunushi), also called shinshoku (神職, meaning "employee/worker of kami"), is the common term for a member of the clergy at a Shinto shrine (神社, jinja) responsible for maintaining the shrine and leading worship of the kami there. [1]