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Hypertensive crisis; Other names: Malignant hypertension, accelerated hypertension: A systolic hypertensive crisis as measured on a home automated arm blood pressure monitor, showing an extremely elevated systolic blood pressure of 227, a mildly elevated diastolic blood pressure of 93 and a very fast tachycardic heart rate of 162 beats per minute.
A hypertensive urgency is a clinical situation in which blood pressure is very high (e.g., 220/125 mmHg) with minimal or no symptoms, and no signs or symptoms indicating acute organ damage. [1] [2] This contrasts with a hypertensive emergency where severely high blood pressure is accompanied by evidence of progressive organ or system damage. [1]
A hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys). It is different from a hypertensive urgency by this additional evidence for impending irreversible hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD).
[2] [3] This may be done with labetalol or sodium nitroprusside given by injection into a vein. [2] In those who are pregnant, magnesium sulfate may be used. [2] Other treatments may include anti-seizure medications. [2] Hypertensive encephalopathy is uncommon. [2] It is believed to occur more often in those without easy access to health care. [2]
In terms of environmental factors, dietary salt intake is the leading risk factor in the development of hypertension. [7] Salt sensitivity is characterized by an increase in blood pressure with an increase in dietary salt and is associated with various genetic, demographic, and physiological factors— African American populations, postmenopausal women, and older individuals carry a higher ...
Secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension) is a type of hypertension which has a specific and identifiable underlying primary cause. It is much less common than essential hypertension , affecting only 5-10% of hypertensive patients.
A medical emergency is an acute injury or illness that poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long-term health, sometimes referred to as a situation risking "life or limb".
Malignancy (from Latin male 'badly' and -gnus 'born') is the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse; the term is most familiar as a characterization of cancer.