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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. [1] Symptoms may include frequent urination , trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate , or loss of bladder control . [ 1 ]
The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is an eight-question written screening tool used to screen for, rapidly diagnose, track the symptoms of, and suggest management of the lower urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Some of the more commonly known clinical forms of hyperplasia, or conditions leading to hyperplasia, include: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, also known as prostate enlargement. [1] Cushing's disease – Physiopathology of hyperplasia of adrenal cortex due to increased circulating level of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). [18]
These are typically found incidentally on surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia, which is not itself a precursor lesion for prostatic carcinoma. [ 4 ] The majority of treatable/treated cancers are of Gleason scores 5-7 and are detected due to biopsy after abnormal digital rectal exam or prostate specific antigen evaluation.
Various prostate pathologies (including prostatitis, calculi (stones), cysts, benign prostatic hyperplasia, bacterial infection, etc.) may result in blood occurring in the ejaculate. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Other
Benign prostatic hyperplasia [6] Renal papillary necrosis [6] Trauma or damage to the lining of the urinary tract [4] Intense exercise [4] Increased tendency to bleed due to acquired or genetic conditions (e.g. sickle cell disease or vitamin K deficiency bleeding) or certain medications (e.g. blood thinners) [4] [6]
Other causes of microscopic hematuria include UTI, kidney stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and trauma to the urinary tract. [101] [146] Kidney diseases that affect the glomerulus can cause microscopic hematuria, in which case it is referred to as glomerular hematuria. [146]
Retrograde ejaculation due to injury of the prostatic urethra. This is one of the most frequent complications of the procedure, occurring in about 65% of patients. [14] Bladder neck stenosis. Erectile dysfunction may be seen in some patients, however, many have reported that erectile function improved after TURP.