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Half light radius R e encloses half of the total light emitted by an object. Galaxy effective radius or half-light radius is the radius at which half of the total light of a galaxy is emitted. [1] [2] This assumes the galaxy has either intrinsic spherical symmetry or is at least circularly symmetric as viewed in the plane of the sky.
In the US lighting industry, foot-candles are a common unit of measurement used by architects to calculate adequate lighting levels. Foot-candles are also commonly used in the museum and gallery fields in the US, where lighting levels must be carefully controlled to conserve light-sensitive objects such as prints, photographs, and paintings, the colors of which fade when exposed to bright ...
If a lamp has a 1 lumen bulb and the optics of the lamp are set up to focus the light evenly into a 1 steradian beam, then the beam would have a luminous intensity of 1 candela. If the optics were changed to concentrate the beam into 1/2 steradian then the source would have a luminous intensity of 2 candela.
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
A tea light-type candle, imaged with a luminance camera; false colors indicate luminance levels per the bar on the right (cd/m 2). Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. [1]
8 kcd/m 2: Average clear sky [5] [12] 10 kcd/m 2: Clear sky at noon [4] [12] 10 kcd/m 2: White illuminated cloud [6] 12 kcd/m 2: Fluorescent lamp [5] [6] 10 5: 75 kcd/m 2: Low pressure sodium-vapor lamp [6] 130 kcd/m 2: Frosted incandescent light bulb [5] [6] [12] 10 6: Mcd/m 2: 600 kcd/m 2: Solar disk at horizon [5] 10 7: 7 Mcd/m 2: Filament ...
The Sérsic profile (or Sérsic model or Sérsic's law) is a mathematical function that describes how the intensity of a galaxy varies with distance from its center. It is a generalization of de Vaucouleurs' law.
The former sense is sometimes called luminous efficacy of radiation, [4] and the latter luminous efficacy of a light source [5] or overall luminous efficacy. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Not all wavelengths of light are equally visible, or equally effective at stimulating human vision, due to the spectral sensitivity of the human eye ; radiation in the infrared ...