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Cotinine has an in vivo half-life of approximately 20 hours, and is typically detectable for several days (up to one week) after the use of tobacco. The level of cotinine in the blood, saliva, and urine is proportionate to the amount of exposure to tobacco smoke, so it is a valuable indicator of tobacco smoke exposure, including secondary (passive) smoke. [14]
Cotinine: Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is present in smokers. Like carbon monoxide, a cotinine test can be a reliable biomarker to determine smoking status. [114] Cotinine levels can be tested through urine, saliva, blood, or hair samples. One of the main concerns of cotinine testing is the invasiveness of typical sampling methods.
In the first sentence the author states a fact: "There is some research being done on the memory and brain-function improving effects of cotinine." The second sentence elaborates on the research mentioned in the first sentence: "Cotinine (as well as nicotine) appears to improve memory function, and prevent cell death."
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 February 2025. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here. For ...
That study found cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) levels in urine were significantly elevated in the first two groups vs the controls, but were not significantly different, despite the fact that air pollution levels in the smokers' homes was much higher than in the vapers' homes (geometric mean air nicotine concentrations of 0.13 μg/m 3 in ...
The Romanian Wikipedia (abr. ro.wiki or ro.wp; [1] Romanian: Wikipedia în limba română) is the Romanian language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.Started on 12 July 2003, as of 13 February 2025 this edition has 510,644 articles and is the 30th largest Wikipedia edition. [2]
For most substances presented, the optimal levels are the ones normally found in the population as well. More specifically, optimal levels are generally close to a central tendency of the values found in the population. However, usual and optimal levels may differ substantially, most notably among vitamins and blood lipids, so these tables give ...
Romania was the top leader with the highest number of transplants achieved at European level, with a record of 60 donors in the first 4 months of 2013, when 120 kidney transplants and 53 liver transplants have been performed. [10]