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[a] [b] It is possible aluminium-containing alloys were produced in China during the reign of the first Jin dynasty (266–420). [c] After the Crusades, alum was a commodity of international commerce; [9] it was indispensable in the European fabric industry. [10] Small alum mines were worked in Catholic Europe but most alum came from the Middle ...
Kitchen utensils in bronze discovered in Pompeii. Illustration by Hercule Catenacci in 1864. Benjamin Thompson noted at the start of the 19th century that kitchen utensils were commonly made of copper, with various efforts made to prevent the copper from reacting with food (particularly its acidic contents) at the temperatures used for cooking, including tinning, enamelling, and varnishing.
The metals of antiquity are the seven metals which humans had identified and found use for in prehistoric times in Africa, Europe and throughout Asia: [1] gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, iron, and mercury. Zinc, arsenic, and antimony were also known during antiquity, but they were not recognised as distinct metals until later.
By the 17th century, it was common for a Western kitchen to contain a number of skillets, baking pans, a kettle and several pots, along with a variety of pot hooks and trivets. Brass or copper vessels were common in Asia and Europe, whilst iron pots were common in the American colonies. Improvements in metallurgy during the 19th and 20th ...
By 15 BC, Noricum was officially made a province of the Empire, and the metal trade saw prosperity well into the fifth century AD. [5] Some scholars believe that the art of iron forging was not necessarily created, but well developed in this area and it was the population of Noricum which reminded Romans of the usefulness of iron. [6]
Many scholars believe the word asbestos comes from an Ancient Greek term, ἄσβεστος (ásbestos), meaning "inextinguishable" or "unquenchable". [7] Clothes for nobles, table clothes and other oven adornments were all furnished with a weave of the fibrous materials, as the materials could be cleansed by throwing them directly into fire. [8]
Western Europe Stone tools Sterkfontein Member 5 [51] 1.1-1.6 South Africa Southern Africa Stone tools, Homo and Paranthropus remains Barranco León [52] 1.2-1.4 Spain Western Europe Stone tools, animal bones, bone flakes Bois de Riquet US 2 [53] [54] 1.2 France Western Europe Stone tools Wolo Sege, So'a Basin [55] 1 Flores, Indonesia Island ...
The discovery of entire towns, complete with utensils and even human shapes, as well the unearthing of ancient frescos, had much impact throughout Europe. A very influential figure in the development of the theoretical and systematic study of the past through its physical remains was "the prophet and founding hero of modern archaeology," Johann ...