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The zero-sum property (if one gains, another loses) means that any result of a zero-sum situation is Pareto optimal. Generally, any game where all strategies are Pareto optimal is called a conflict game. [7] [8] Zero-sum games are a specific example of constant sum games where the sum of each outcome is always zero. [9]
It is always true that the left-hand side is at most the right-hand side (max–min inequality) but equality only holds under certain conditions identified by minimax theorems. The first theorem in this sense is von Neumann's minimax theorem about two-player zero-sum games published in 1928, [2] which is considered the starting point of game ...
In number theory, zero-sum problems are certain kinds of combinatorial problems about the structure of a finite abelian group. Concretely, given a finite abelian group G and a positive integer n , one asks for the smallest value of k such that every sequence of elements of G of size k contains n terms that sum to 0 .
In zero-sum games, the total benefit goes to all players in a game, for every combination of strategies, and always adds to zero (more informally, a player benefits only at the equal expense of others). [20] Poker exemplifies a zero-sum game (ignoring the possibility of the house's cut), because one wins exactly the amount one's opponents lose.
This is a list of notable theorems. Lists of theorems and similar statements include: List of algebras; List of algorithms; List of axioms; List of conjectures; List of data structures; List of derivatives and integrals in alternative calculi; List of equations; List of fundamental theorems; List of hypotheses; List of inequalities; Lists of ...
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In mathematics, zero-sum Ramsey theory or zero-sum theory is a branch of combinatorics.It deals with problems of the following kind: given a combinatorial structure whose elements are assigned different weights (usually elements from an Abelian group), one seeks for conditions that guarantee the existence of certain substructure whose weights of its elements sum up to zero (in ).
where a is the radius of the circle, (,) are the polar coordinates of a generic point on the circle, and (,) are the polar coordinates of the centre of the circle (i.e., r 0 is the distance from the origin to the centre of the circle, and φ is the anticlockwise angle from the positive x axis to the line connecting the origin to the centre of ...