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Self-categorization theory is a theory in social psychology that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms. [1]
Self-categorization theory attributes the outgroup homogeneity effect to the differing contexts that are present when perceiving outgroups and ingroups. [3] [14] For outgroups, a perceiver will experience an intergroup context and therefore attend to differences between the two groups. Consequently, less attention is paid to differences between ...
John Charles Turner (7 September 1947 – 24 July 2011) [1] was a British social psychologist who, along with colleagues, developed the self-categorization theory.Amongst other things, the theory states that the self is not a foundational aspect of cognition, but rather that the self is an outcome of cognitive processes and an interaction between the person and the social context. [2]
These ideas from social identity theory and self-categorization theory provided key ingredients for Reicher's critique of deindividuation theory, and are also the foundations upon which SIDE was modelled. Deindividuation is basically when one person does not think of themselves as an individual being, but rather as a group or more than one being.
Figure 1. The explanatory profiles of social identity and self-categorization theories. "Social identity approach" is an umbrella term designed to show that there are two methods used by academics to describe certain complex social phenomena- namely the dynamics between groups and individuals.
In social psychology, recategorization is a change in the conceptual representation of a group or groups. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] When deliberate, recategorization is often encouraged in order to mitigate bias by making salient a common ingroup identity that encompasses the group identities of the preexisting categorization. [ 4 ]
Self-categorization theory explains the contexts in which an individual perceives a collection of people as a group and the psychological processes that result from an individual perceiving people in terms of a group. [36] Social identity theory describes how individual identity is shaped by membership in a social group. [37]
The most popular of these theories is self-categorization theory. Self-categorization theory stems from social identity theory, which holds that conformity stems from psychological processes; that is, being a member of a group is defined as the subjective perception of the self as a member of a specific category. [28]