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The VLM is the extension of Prandtl's lifting-line theory, [2] where the wing of an aircraft is modeled as an infinite number of Horseshoe vortices. The name was coined by V.M. Falkner in his Aeronautical Research Council paper of 1946. [3] The method has since then been developed and refined further by W.P. Jones, H. Schlichting, G.N. Ward and ...
The term "spoiler" is often mistakenly used interchangeably with "wing". An automotive wing is a device designed to generate downforce as air passes around it, not simply disrupt existing airflow patterns. [1] [2] Rather than decreasing drag, automotive wings actually increase drag.
The wing root fairing of an American Aviation AA-1 Yankee. An aircraft fairing is a structure whose primary function is to produce a smooth outline and reduce drag. [1]These structures are covers for gaps and spaces between parts of an aircraft to reduce form drag and interference drag, and to improve appearance.
The effect is the same as a wing fence. [2] It can also be used on straight wings in a drooped leading edge arrangement. [citation needed] Many high-performance aircraft use the dogtooth design, which induces a vortex over the wing to control boundary layer spanwise extension, increasing lift and improving resistance to stall.
Python library SAMBO Optimization supports sequential optimization with arbitrary models, with tree-based models and Gaussian process models built in. [11] Surrogates.jl is a Julia packages which offers tools like random forests, radial basis methods and kriging.
Often, characteristics of both spoilers and air brakes are desirable and are combined - most modern airliner jets feature combined spoiler and air brake controls. On landing, the deployment of these spoilers ("lift dumpers") causes a significant reduction in wing lift, so the weight of the aircraft is transferred from the wings to the undercarriage.
The natural outcome of this requirement is a wing design that is thin and wide, which has a low thickness-to-chord ratio. At lower speeds, undesirable parasitic drag is largely a function of the total surface area , which suggests using a wing with minimum chord, leading to the high aspect ratios seen on light aircraft and regional airliners .
Adverse yaw is a secondary effect of the inclination of the lift vectors on the wing due to its rolling velocity and of the application of the ailerons. [2]: 327 Some pilot training manuals focus mainly on the additional drag caused by the downward-deflected aileron [3] [4] and make only brief [5] or indirect [6] mentions of roll effects.