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The 1962–1965 rubella epidemic was an outbreak of rubella across Europe and the United States. [1] [2] The Rubella virus, also known as the German measles, is a single-stranded RNA virus from the family Togaviridae and genus Rubivirus. [3]
In the United States, measles affected approximately 3,000 people per million in the 1960s before the vaccine was available. With consistent widespread childhood vaccination, this figure fell to 13 cases per million by the 1980s, and to about 1 case per million by 2000.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, nearly twice as many children died from measles as from polio. [53] The vaccine Enders developed was based on the Edmonston strain of attenuated live measles virus, which was named for 11-year-old David Edmonston, the Fay student from whom Peebles had taken the culture that led to the virus's cultivation. [54]
This series explores aspects of America that may soon be just a memory -- some to be missed, some gladly left behind. From the least impactful to the most, here are 25 bits of vanishing America.
Measles cases in the US from 1938 to 2019. Before the vaccine was available in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that about three to four million were infected each year, of which approx. 500,000 were reported, with 400 to 500 people dying and 48,000 being hospitalized as a result.
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, [6] is an infection caused by the rubella virus. [3] This disease is often mild, with half of people not realizing that they are infected. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days. [ 1 ]
Measles is quite uncommon in populations of highly vaccinated areas, yet when it does occur, it is more commonly seen in adults. [19] The development of the measles vaccine has been vital in reducing outbreaks. Without a measles vaccine, measles epidemics could happen every 2 to 5 years and last up to 3 to 4 months at a time. [22]
Measles remains a public health problem in Japan, where it is now endemic; a National Measles Elimination Plan was established in December 2007, with a view to eliminating the disease from the country. [157] The possibility of global elimination of measles has been debated in medical literature since the introduction of the vaccine in the 1960s.