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Regular insulin, also known as neutral insulin and soluble insulin, is a type of short-acting medical insulin. [2] It is used to treat type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes , gestational diabetes , and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states . [ 5 ]
A short-acting insulin is used to simulate the endogenous insulin surge produced in anticipation of eating. Regular insulin, lispro, aspart and glulisine can be used for this purpose. Regular insulin should be given with about a 30-minute lead-time prior to the meal to be maximally effective and to minimize the possibility of hypoglycemia.
NPH insulin is cloudy and has an onset of 1–3 hours. Its peak is 6–8 hours and its duration is up to 24 hours. [9]It has an intermediate duration of action, meaning longer than that of regular and rapid-acting insulin, and shorter than long acting insulins (ultralente, glargine or detemir).
Insulin is usually given subcutaneously, either by injections or by an insulin pump.In acute care settings, insulin may also be given intravenously. Insulins are typically characterized by the rate at which they are metabolized by the body, yielding different peak times and durations of action. [4]
The first biosynthetic insulin analog was developed for clinical use at mealtime (prandial insulin), Humalog (insulin lispro), [101] it is more rapidly absorbed after subcutaneous injection than regular insulin, with an effect 15 minutes after injection.
Ultralente insulin was a long-acting form of insulin.It has an onset of 4 to 6 hours, a peak of 14 to 24 hours, and a duration of 28 to 36 hours. [1] Ultralente insulin, along with lente insulin, were discontinued in the US by manufacturers in the mid-2000s.