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The Early Woodland period continued many trends begun during the Late and Terminal Archaic periods, including extensive mound-building, regional distinctive burial complexes, the trade of exotic goods across a large area of North America as part of interaction spheres, the reliance on both wild and domesticated plant foods, and a mobile subsistence strategy in which small groups took advantage ...
Desert Archaic: Middle Archaic: Late Archaic: Great Lakes: Old Copper complex: c. 4000 – c. 1000 BCE Red Ochre people: c. 1000 – 100 BCE Glacial Kame culture: c. 8000 – 1000 BCE Great Plains: Plains Archaic: c. 9500 – 5500 BCE Mesoamerica: Mexican Archaic: Southwest: Southwestern Archaic Traditions: Archaic – Early Basketmaker Era: c ...
Copper knife, spearpoints, awls, and spud, from the Late Archaic period, Wisconsin, 3000–1000 BC. In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the Archaic period in North America, taken to last from around 8000 to 1000 BC [1] in the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development.
These early settlers came from Central or South America. [2] In the North American chronology the Archaic is known generally as the period from 11,500 to 3200 cal yr B.P. and is usually subdivided into three subperiods: Early Archaic (11,500-8900 cal yr B.P.), Middle Archaic (8900-5800 cal yr B.P.), and Late Archaic (5800-3200 cal yr B.P.). [3]
Poverty Point, built about 1500 BCE in what is now Louisiana, is a prominent example of Late Archaic mound-builder construction (around 2500 BCE – 1000 BCE). It is a striking complex of more than 1 square mile (2.6 km 2), where six earthwork crescent ridges were built in concentric arrangement, interrupted by radial aisles.
Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a widespread manner. Intentional burning of vegetation was taken up to mimic the effects of natural fires that tended to clear forest understories, thereby making travel easier and facilitating the growth of herbs and berry-producing plants that were important for both food and medicines. [ 6 ]
Archaic people established camps at collection points, and returned to these places year after year. They lived primarily in the open, but probably also built temporary shelters. Known artifacts include nets woven with plant fibers and rabbit skin, woven sandals, gaming sticks, and animal figures made from split-twigs.
The Plains Woodland period or Plains Woodland tradition refers to an archaeological period and group of cultures that existed across the Great Plains of North America approximately 2500–200 Before Present (BP). It was preceded by the Plains Archaic period and succeeded by the Plains Village period.