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Closed graph theorems are of particular interest in functional analysis where there are many theorems giving conditions under which a linear map with a closed graph is necessarily continuous. If f : X → Y is a function between topological spaces whose graph is closed in X × Y and if Y is a compact space then f : X → Y is continuous.
Generalized Borel Graph Theorem [11] — Let : be a linear map between two locally convex Hausdorff spaces and . If X {\displaystyle X} is the inductive limit of an arbitrary family of Banach spaces, if Y {\displaystyle Y} is a K-analytic space, and if the graph of u {\displaystyle u} is closed in X × Y , {\displaystyle X\times Y,} then u ...
Theorem [7] [8] — A linear map between two F-spaces (e.g. Banach spaces) is continuous if and only if its graph is closed. The theorem is a consequence of the open mapping theorem ; see § Relation to the open mapping theorem below (conversely, the open mapping theorem in turn can be deduced from the closed graph theorem).
Given a bijective function f between two topological spaces, the inverse function need not be continuous. A bijective continuous function with a continuous inverse function is called a homeomorphism. If a continuous bijection has as its domain a compact space and its codomain is Hausdorff, then it is a homeomorphism.
For a convex hull, every extreme point must be part of the given set, because otherwise it cannot be formed as a convex combination of given points. According to the Krein–Milman theorem , every compact convex set in a Euclidean space (or more generally in a locally convex topological vector space ) is the convex hull of its extreme points ...
Given two topological spaces X and Y, a homotopy equivalence between X and Y is a pair of continuous maps f : X → Y and g : Y → X, such that g ∘ f is homotopic to the identity map id X and f ∘ g is homotopic to id Y. If such a pair exists, then X and Y are said to be homotopy equivalent, or of the same homotopy type.
Function : is graph continuous if for all there exists a function : such that ((),) is continuous at .. Dasgupta and Maskin named this property "graph continuity" because, if one plots a graph of a player's payoff as a function of his own strategy (keeping the other players' strategies fixed), then a graph-continuous payoff function will result in this graph changing continuously as one varies ...
Two loops can be combined in an obvious way: travel along the first loop, then along the second. Two loops are considered equivalent if one can be deformed into the other without breaking. The set of all such loops with this method of combining and this equivalence between them is the fundamental group for that particular space.