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Unlike Eastern philosophy, where there is a large reliance on religion for spiritual philosophy practices, Western philosophy does not solely rely on religion. Rather, Western philosophy explores the reaction to Western religion ideologies along with ideas of politics, science and mathematics.
The philosophy centers on the ideas of the dynamic balance of opposites, the evolution of events as a process, and acceptance of the inevitability of change (see Philosophy, below). In Western cultures, the I Ching is regarded by some as simply a system of divination; others believe it expresses the wisdom and philosophy of ancient China.
In philosophy, spiritualism [a] is the concept, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses. [3]
The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. [1] [2] [3] [note 1] Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man", [note 2] oriented at "the image of God" [4] [5] as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world.
The Upanishads, forming the concluding part of the Vedas, are regarded as the repository of this spiritual knowledge, and are thus referred to as the jnanakanda. [7] Prajñānam Brahma (प्रज्ञानम् ब्रह्म), one of the Mahāvākyas , roughly means "Insight is Brahman" or "Brahman is Insight".
Spiritual retreats allow time for reflection, prayer, or meditation. They are considered essential in Buddhism , [ 2 ] having been a common practice since the Vassa , or rainy season retreat, was established by the founder of Buddhism, Gautama Buddha .
In SN 48.43, the Buddha declares that the five strengths are the five spiritual faculties and vice versa. He uses the metaphor of a stream passing by a mid-stream island; the island creates two streams, but the streams can also be seen as one and the same. [ 4 ]
Biosophy, meaning wisdom of life, is "the science and art of intelligent living based on the awareness and practice of spiritual values, ethical-social principles and character qualities essential to individual freedom and social harmony". [1]