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Bronze disease is an irreversible and nearly inexorable corrosion process that occurs when chlorides come into contact with bronze or other copper-bearing alloys. [1] It can occur as both a dark green coating, or as a much lighter whitish fuzzy or furry green coating. [ 1 ]
Similar to many other bronze statues, the statue of Joseph of Portugal had an interventive conservation treatment. The conservation decision made to remove the patina most likely happened for two reasons. Firstly, it improves the visual impression of the statue; and secondly, the patina is a corrosive process slowly destroying the metal.
Patina (/ p ə ˈ t iː n ə / pə-TEE-nə or / ˈ p æ t ɪ n ə / PAT-ih-nə) is a thin layer that variously forms on the surface of copper, brass, bronze, and similar metals and metal alloys (tarnish produced by oxidation or other chemical processes), or certain stones [1] and wooden furniture (sheen produced by age, wear, and polishing), or ...
According to Kipper, acid rain can be particularly harmful to bronze sculptures, because the main component is usually sulfides, or sulfuric acid, which can harm patinas and the bronze surfaces causing streaking to occur on the surface. [1] Many different effects can occur on a sculpture due to being in an outdoor environment.
The Statue of Liberty, showing advanced patination; verdigris is responsible for the statue's iconic green colour.. Verdigris (/ ˈ v ɜːr d ɪ ɡ r iː (s)/) [1] is a common name for any of a variety of somewhat toxic [2] [3] [4] copper salts of acetic acid, which range in colour from green to a bluish-green depending on their chemical composition.
They are bronze casts with some silver-colored parts, which originate from the Anatolian region. [2] Similar processes can be found on some ancient Egyptian copper sheets. [3] Another example of early chemical coloring of metals is the Nebra sky disk, which has a green patina and gold inlays. An early example of black colored iron is the famous ...
Sodium sesquicarbonate is used in the conservation of copper and copper alloy artifacts that corrode due to contact with salt (called "bronze disease" due to its effect on bronze). The chloride from salt forms copper(I) chloride .
BTA is used in heritage conservation, notably for the treatment of bronze disease. The exact structure of the copper-BTA complex is controversial and many proposals have been suggested. [citation needed] Chemical structure of the coordination polymer from benzotriazolate and copper(I), the active ingredient in the BT-derived corrosion inhibition