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Henceforth, Bohemond was a broken man. He died six months later without returning to Antioch. [64] With one last jab at Alexios, by not returning to Antioch the Treaty of Deabolis became null and void as it only applied to Bohemond himself. Antioch was left in Norman hands with Bohemond's nephew Tancred. [65]
A mosaic depicting John II, son of Alexios, who captured Antioch in 1137 AD. Bohemond never returned to Antioch (he went to Sicily where he died in 1111), and the carefully constructed clauses of the Treaty were never implemented. [33] Bohemond's nephew, Tancred, refused to honor the Treaty. [11] In his mind, Antioch was his by right of ...
The siege of Dyrrhachium took place from November 1107 until September 1108, as the Italo-Normans under Bohemond I of Antioch besieged the Adriatic port city of Dyrrhachium, now known as Durrës. Dyrrhachium was held for the Byzantine Empire by its doux Alexios Komnenos, a nephew of the reigning Byzantine emperor, Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081 ...
The crusader leaders accept Bohemond's claim to rule Antioch if he achieves the surrender of the town. [58] June 3. Bohemond's troops enter Antioch with Firouz's assistance and the crusaders occupy the town. Yağısıyan's son, Shams ad-Daulah, resists them in the citadel. [59] [60] June 4. Kerbogha's army reaches Antioch and lays siege to the ...
It is speculated that, in exchange for an oath of loyalty, Alexios promised land around the city of Antioch to Bohemond in order to create a buffer vassal state and simultaneously keep Bohemond away from Italy. [10] However, when Antioch fell the Normans refused to hand it over, [4] although in time Byzantine domination was established. [11]
As famine, disease, and desertions plagued the Norman army, Bohemond sent envoys to Alexios to negotiate. [2] [10] On instructions from his uncle, Alexios forwarded the envoys to the Emperor, leading to the conclusion of the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond acknowledged the Emperor's suzerainty and became his vassal. [11] [12]
Alexios, desperate for money, ordered the confiscation of all the church's treasure. [33] With this money, Alexios mustered an army near Thessalonica and went to fight Bohemond. However, Bohemond defeated Alexios in two battles: one near Arta and the other near Ioannina. This left Bohemond in control of Macedonia and nearly all of Thessaly. [34]
Alexios did not have a strong enough army to successfully resist the invasion at first and suffered a grave defeat at the Battle of Dyrrachium (1081), which allowed Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemond to occupy much of the Balkans. The Normans took Dyrrhachium in February 1082 and advanced inland, capturing most of Macedonia and Thessaly.