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A more involved example is the Boom hierarchy of the binary tree, list, bag and set abstract data types. [10] All these data types can be declared by three operations: null , which constructs the empty container, single , which constructs a container from a single element and append , which combines two containers of the same type.
In Lisp, lists are the fundamental data type and can represent both program code and data. In most dialects, the list of the first three prime numbers could be written as (list 2 3 5) . In several dialects of Lisp, including Scheme , a list is a collection of pairs, consisting of a value and a pointer to the next pair (or null value), making a ...
In computer science, a set is an abstract data type that can store unique values, without any particular order. It is a computer implementation of the mathematical concept of a finite set . Unlike most other collection types, rather than retrieving a specific element from a set, one typically tests a value for membership in a set.
The abstract properties are those that are visible to client code that makes use of the data type—the interface to the data type—while the concrete implementation is kept entirely private, and indeed can change, for example to incorporate efficiency improvements over time. The idea is that such changes are not supposed to have any impact on ...
Data abstraction is a design pattern in which data are visible only to semantically related functions, to prevent misuse. The success of data abstraction leads to frequent incorporation of data hiding as a design principle in object-oriented and pure functional programming.
In computer science, a tree is a widely used abstract data type that represents a hierarchical tree structure with a set of connected nodes. Each node in the tree can be connected to many children (depending on the type of tree), but must be connected to exactly one parent, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] except for the root node, which has no parent (i.e., the ...
Separate an abstraction (Abstraction) from its implementation (Implementor) by putting them in separate class hierarchies. Implement the Abstraction in terms of (by delegating to) an Implementor object. This enables to configure an Abstraction with an Implementor object at run-time. See also the Unified Modeling Language class and sequence ...
A fixed-size collection of elements of the same data type, accessible by indices. General-purpose storage and retrieval, basis of many more complex structures. List: An abstract data type that represents a sequence of values, where the same value may occur more than once. Data order maintenance, implementation of stacks, queues, etc. Stack