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Skein was created by Bruce Schneier, Niels Ferguson, Stefan Lucks, Doug Whiting, Mihir Bellare, Tadayoshi Kohno, Jon Callas and Jesse Walker.. Skein is based on the Threefish tweakable block cipher compressed using Unique Block Iteration (UBI) chaining mode, a variant of the Matyas–Meyer–Oseas hash mode, [3] while leveraging an optional low-overhead argument-system for flexibility.
In cryptography, a cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) is a technique for constructing a message authentication code (MAC) from a block cipher.The message is encrypted with some block cipher algorithm in cipher block chaining (CBC) mode to create a chain of blocks such that each block depends on the proper encryption of the previous block.
Shabal function mode of operation. The chaining mode of Shabal works as follows: (A, B) ← PM,C (A, B, C) ← (A, C – M, B), (A ⊕ W, B + M), where M is the message block, and W is the counter. After processing all message blocks, three finalization rounds are applied in which the message block and the counter values are fixed.
see Jenkins hash function: CityHash [4] 32, 64, 128, or 256 bits FarmHash [5] 32, 64 or 128 bits MetroHash [6] 64 or 128 bits numeric hash (nhash) [7] variable division/modulo xxHash [8] 32, 64 or 128 bits product/rotation t1ha (Fast Positive Hash) [9] 64 or 128 bits product/rotation/XOR/add GxHash [10] 32, 64 or 128 bits AES block cipher pHash ...
The propagating cipher block chaining [25] or plaintext cipher-block chaining [26] mode was designed to cause small changes in the ciphertext to propagate indefinitely when decrypting, as well as when encrypting. In PCBC mode, each block of plaintext is XORed with both the previous plaintext block and the previous ciphertext block before being ...
Stream ciphers can be built using block ciphers. OFB mode and CTR mode are block modes that turn a block cipher into a stream cipher. Cryptographic hash functions can be built using block ciphers. [47] [48] See the one-way compression function for descriptions of several such methods. The methods resemble the block cipher modes of operation ...
Constructing a cipher or hash to exhibit a substantial avalanche effect is one of the primary design objectives, and mathematically the construction takes advantage of the butterfly effect. [3] This is why most block ciphers are product ciphers. It is also why hash functions have large data blocks.
For example, the cipher-block chaining (CBC) mode requires an unpredictable value, of size equal to the cipher's block size, as additional input. This unpredictable value is added to the first plaintext block before subsequent encryption. In turn, the ciphertext produced in the first encryption step is added to the second plaintext block, and ...