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Photonic topological phases are classical electromagnetic wave analogues of electronic topological phases studied in condensed matter physics. Similar to their electronic counterparts, they, can provide robust unidirectional channels for light propagation. [2] The field that studies these phases of light is referred to as topological photonics.
Integrated quantum photonics, uses photonic integrated circuits to control photonic quantum states for applications in quantum technologies. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] As such, integrated quantum photonics provides a promising approach to the miniaturisation and scaling up of optical quantum circuits . [ 3 ]
A topological insulator is an insulator for the same reason a "trivial" (ordinary) insulator is: there exists an energy gap between the valence and conduction bands of the material. But in a topological insulator, these bands are, in an informal sense, "twisted", relative to a trivial insulator. [4]
Indium gallium arsenide phosphide (Ga x In 1−x As y P 1−y) is a quaternary compound semiconductor material, an alloy of gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium arsenide, or indium phosphide. This compound has applications in photonic devices, due to the ability to tailor its band gap via changes in the alloy mole ratios, x and y.
The topological insulators and superconductors are classified here in ten symmetry classes (A,AII,AI,BDI,D,DIII,AII,CII,C,CI) named after Altland–Zirnbauer classification, defined here by the properties of the system with respect to three operators: the time-reversal operator , charge conjugation and chiral symmetry . The symmetry classes are ...
Unlike electronic integration where silicon is the dominant material, system photonic integrated circuits have been fabricated from a variety of material systems, including electro-optic crystals such as lithium niobate, silica on silicon, silicon on insulator, various polymers, and semiconductor materials which are used to make semiconductor lasers such as GaAs and InP.
Linear optical quantum computing or linear optics quantum computation (LOQC), also photonic quantum computing (PQC), is a paradigm of quantum computation, allowing (under certain conditions, described below) universal quantum computation.
A topological quantum computer is a theoretical type of quantum computer proposed by Russian-American physicist Alexei Kitaev in 1997. [2] It utilizes quasiparticles , known as anyons , in two-dimensional systems.