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Itopride (INN; brand name Ganaton) is a prokinetic benzamide derivative. These drugs inhibit dopamine and acetylcholine esterase enzyme and have a gastrokinetic effect. [3] Itopride is indicated for the treatment of functional dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal conditions. [4] It is a combined D 2 receptor antagonist and acetylcholinesterase ...
It appears to be safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. [3] [9] Ipratropium is a short-acting muscarinic antagonist, [10] which works by causing smooth muscles to relax. [3] Common side effects of nasal spray may include headache, dry nose, dry mouth or throat, nasal or throat irritation, nosebleeds, bad taste in mouth, nausea, dizziness, or ...
Opioid use is the main cause of neonatal abstinence syndrome, which is where the baby experiences withdrawals from the opioid they were exposed to during the pregnancy. Typical symptoms may include tremors, convulsions, twitching, excessive crying, poor feeding or sucking, slow weight gain, breathing problems, fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. [91]
As in non-pregnant individuals, ITP in pregnancy is a diagnosis of exclusion and other potential causes of low platelets in pregnancy require consideration. These include obstetrical causes such as pre-eclampsia , HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets), or thrombotic microangiopathies that may occur during ...
Tocolytics are used in preterm labor, which refers to when a baby is born too early before 37 weeks of pregnancy. As preterm birth represents one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, the goal is to prevent neonatal morbidity and mortality through delaying delivery and increasing gestational age by gaining more time for other management strategies like corticosteroids ...
This excess blood loss can lead to anemia, with symptoms of fatigue and weakness, as well as disruption in their normal life activities. [76] Combined oral contraceptive pills contain progestin, which causes the lining of the uterus to be thinner, resulting in lighter bleeding episodes for those with heavy menstrual bleeding. [77]
Occupancy of σ 1 receptors by agonists causes translocation of the receptor from endoplasmic reticulum to peripheral areas (membranes) where the σ 1 receptors cause neurotransmitter release. [3] Opipramol is said to have a biphasic action, with prompt initial improvement of tension, anxiety, and insomnia followed by improved mood later. [ 3 ]
Among other causes of hypercoagulability, Antiphospholipid syndrome has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including recurrent miscarriage. [8] Deep vein thrombosis has an incidence of one in 1,000 to 2,000 pregnancies in the United States, [ 2 ] and is the second most common cause of maternal death in developed countries after ...