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Fail-safe and fail-secure are distinct concepts. Fail-safe means that a device will not endanger lives or property when it fails. Fail-secure, also called fail-closed, means that access or data will not fall into the wrong hands in a security failure. Sometimes the approaches suggest opposite solutions.
The Protection of Information in Computer Systems is a 1975 seminal publication by Jerome Saltzer and Michael Schroeder about information security. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The paper emphasized that the primary concern of security measures should be the information on computers and not the computers itself.
Information security standards (also cyber security standards [1]) are techniques generally outlined in published materials that attempt to protect a user's or organization's cyber environment. [2] This environment includes users themselves, networks, devices, all software, processes, information in storage or transit, applications, services ...
The security policy must be explicit, well-defined, and enforced by the computer system. Three basic security policies are specified: [6] Mandatory Security Policy – Enforces access control rules based directly on an individual's clearance, authorization for the information and the confidentiality level of the information being sought. Other ...
Under high-water mark, any object less than the user's security level can be opened, but the object is relabeled to reflect the highest security level currently open, hence the name. The practical effect of the high-water mark was a gradual movement of all objects towards the highest security level in the system.
The CIS Controls (formerly called the Center for Internet Security Critical Security Controls for Effective Cyber Defense) is a publication of best practice guidelines for computer security. The project was initiated early in 2008 in response to extreme data losses experienced by organizations in the US defense industrial base. [ 1 ]
National Cyber Security Policy is a policy framework by Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) [1] It aims at protecting the public and private infrastructure from cyber attacks. [2] The policy also intends to safeguard "information, such as personal information (of web users), financial and banking information and ...
An incident response plan (IRP) is a group of policies that dictate an organizations reaction to a cyber attack. Once an security breach has been identified, for example by network intrusion detection system (NIDS) or host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) (if configured to do so), the plan is initiated. [ 3 ]