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The Three Crowned Kings, [a] were the triumvirate of Chera, Chola and Pandya who dominated the politics of the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, from their three Nadu (countries) of Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu (present day Madurai and Tirunelveli) and Chera Nadu (present day Kerala and some parts of Tamilnadu) in southern India.
The Chera kings had the title Villavar Kon, as the Villavar clan founded the ancient Chera Kingdom. Villavar means archer in Tamil. [6] Chola Dynasty: Pouncing Tiger: The tiger flag of Chola is mentioned in the Periya Puranam. [7] Pandya Dynasty: Twin fish: According to legend, the goddess Meenakshi was born as the daughter of a Pandya king ...
The Flag of Chola or Tiger Flag (Tamil: புலி கொடி) was used by the Tamil Chola dynasty. The Tiger or Jumping Tiger was the royal emblem of the Cholas and was depicted on coins, seals and banners. On the coins of Uttama Chola, the Chola Tiger was shown sitting between the twin fish of Pandya and the bow of Chera.
Chola ruler Sundara Parantaka II (r. 957–73) responded by defeating Vira Pandya I in two battles (and Chola prince Aditya II killed Vira Pandya on the second occasion). The Pandyas were assisted by the Sri Lanka forces of King Mahinda IV. [20] Chola emperor Rajaraja I (r. 985–1014 CE) is known to have attacked the Pandyas. [78]
Reverse of these coins often contained the Chera bow and arrow symbol. The anthologies of early Tamil texts are a major source of information about the early Cheras. Chenguttuvan, or the Good Chera , is famous for the traditions surrounding Kannaki , the principal female character of the Tamil epic poem Chilapathikaram .
Chola coin of king Rajendra, with legend "Uttama Chola", showing the Chera emblem (Bow, left to the Sitting Tiger). [citation needed] Kongu Chera Coin (13th/14th century CE). Images of bow, hag, fish and palm tree are visible. The ancient Chera country, except central Kerala, gradually passed into the Pandya sphere of influence. [18]
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An early silver kasu of Rajendra Chola (the Chola dynasty, south India). Original "Seated Tiger" design is (also used in a gold fanam coin) seen. Obverse: Tiger (Chola symbol) seated right faces towards two upright fishes (Pandya symbol) with Bow (Chera symbol) behind and the Umbrella above. Reverse: Uttama/Chola - in Nagari script.