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Union Pacific Challenger No. 3985 is an example of a 4-6-6-4 locomotive. In the Whyte notation for classifying steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 4-6-6-4 is a railroad steam locomotive that has four leading wheels followed by two sets of six coupled driving wheels and four trailing wheels. 4-6-6-4's are commonly known as Challengers.
The name "Challenger" was given to steam locomotives with a 4-6-6-4 wheel arrangement: four wheels in the leading pilot truck to guide the locomotive into curves, two sets of six driving wheels, and four trailing wheels to support the rear of the engine and its massive firebox. Each set of driving wheels is driven by two steam cylinders.
Union Pacific 3985 is a four-cylinder simple articulated 4-6-6-4 "Challenger"-type steam locomotive built in July 1943 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Schenectady, New York, for the Union Pacific Railroad. No. 3985 is one of only two Challengers still in existence and the only one to have operated in excursion service.
4-6-2 3977: June 1943 American Locomotive Company (ALCO) 4664-4 4-6-6-4: Static display Cody Park in North Platte, Nebraska: 3985: July 1943 American Locomotive Company (ALCO) 4664-4 4-6-6-4 Undergoing restoration to operational condition Railroading Heritage of Midwest America in Silvis, Illinois [3] [4] [5] 4004: September 1941
The Challenger name has also been applied to the 4-6-6-4 type steam-driven locomotives, the first of which were designed by the UP and built by the American Locomotive Company between 1936 and 1943. Best known among these is Union Pacific 3985 , one of 105 Challengers built for the railroad.
UP 3985: a 4-6-6-4 "Challenger" class dual-service steam locomotive, operated in excursion service from 1981 to 2010 and was retired as of January 2020. Delivered in 1943, it operated in revenue service until it was withdrawn from service in 1962.
The 2-8-4's 4-wheel trailing truck permitted a huge firebox to be located after the boiler. The resulting greater steaming rate ensured that such a locomotive would never run out of power at speed, a common failing of older locomotives. Applying the ideas of the freight-minded Berkshire type to the Pacific resulted in a 4-6-4 locomotive.
Both of the Northern Pacific's 2-6-6-2 classes were copies of GN designs, including their Belpaire fireboxes, a rarity on NP steam locomotives. NP 3015, last of the Class Z's, had a troubled existence, suffering a crown sheet failure at Kennedy, Washington , on Stampede Pass circa 1916, then later derailing on the Wallace Branch in Idaho in 1933.